The answer to that is a solid … Maybe.
I’ve been in the HVAC trade for over 40 years. In my time, I’ve seen a LOT of duct systems, and I’ve seen quite a few that needed to be cleaned.
But I’ve seen a LOT more that didn’t need to be cleaned.
Many people assume they need to clean their ducts if they notice an increase in dust in their home. Others see black stuff coming from their vents – especially ceiling vents – and assume that’s mold or some other bacterial agent. Still others just assume that ducts need to be cleaned periodically.
All of those things could be true. But in the overwhelming majority of cases, they’re not. Increased dust comes from many different sources – including the simple fact that your house may just be getting older. The black stuff around your vents could be mold, but most likely it’s dust/dirt in the air that is caught by the supply air coming from your vents and is deposited on your walls or ceiling from the Venturi effect.
And ducts do not need to be cleaned periodically if you have your system serviced and inspected regularly. No matter what the flyer in your mailbox says, of the guy on that Facebook ad, or your buddy down the street.
If you think you need duct cleaning, contact your HVAC company and ask them. They can do a quick assessment and let you know if you in that very, very small minority of homeowners who need duct cleaning.